高寒山区退耕地不同植被恢复方式下群落稳定性     

赵成章  董小刚  石福习  达光文  杨文斌 《山地学报》2011,29(1)

稳定的群落结构是退耕地生态系统恢复的主要标志之一.以祁连山东段旱泉沟流域退耕区为例,采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了建植6 a的人工草地群落稳定性,结果表明:人工草地在短期内形成了不同于撂荒地的植被格局,草地群落盖度、高度和地上生物量特性明显优于撂荒地和天然草地,部分人工草地物种丰富度和多样性高于撂荒地,功能群结构仍以多年生禾草占优势,无芒雀麦+紫花苜蓿混播草地多样性指数低,处于高产和稳定阶段;各草地根系主要分布在0～10 cm土层,不同草地类型0～20 cm土壤含水量变化最大,4种人工草地对土壤水分的影响表现为提高30～50 cm土层的水分含量,在水分涵蓄方面优于撂荒地.但与天然草地相比未形成密丛型禾草,群落稳定性差,草地群落的演替方向具有不确定性.  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000905     

Petar Gliovi  Alessandro M.Forte 《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(1):3-22

Although there has been significant progress in the seismic imaging of mantle heterogeneity,the outstanding issue that remains to be resolved is the unknown distribution of mantle temperature anomalies in the distant geological past that give rise to the present-day anomalies inferred by global tomography models.To address this question,we present 3-D convection models in compressible and self-gravitating mantle initialised by different hypothetical temperature patterns.A notable feature of our forward convection modelling is the use of self-consistent coupling of the motion of surface tectonic plates to the underlying mantle flow,without imposing prescribed surface velocities(i.e.,plate-like boundary condition).As an approximation for the surface mechanical conditions before plate tectonics began to operate we employ the no-slip(rigid) boundary condition.A rigid boundary condition demonstrates that the initial thermally-dominated structure is preserved,and its geographical location is fixed during the evolution of mantle flow.Considering the impact of different assumed surface boundary conditions(rigid and plate-like) on the evolution of thermal heterogeneity in the mantle we suggest that the intrinsic buoyancy of seven superplumes is most-likely resolved in the tomographic images of present-day mantle thermal structure.Our convection simulations with a plate-like boundary condition reveal that the evolution of an initial cold anomaly beneath the Java-Indonesian trench system yields a long-term,stable pattern of thermal heterogeneity in the lowermost mantle that resembles the presentday Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces(LLSVPs),especially below the Pacific.The evolution of subduction zones may be,however,influenced by the mantle-wide flow driven by deeply-rooted and longlived superplumes since Archean times.These convection models also detect the intrinsic buoyancy of the Perm Anomaly that has been identified as a unique slow feature distinct from the two principal LLSVPs.We find there is no need for dense chemical ’piles’ in the lower mantle to generate a stable distribution of temperature anomalies that are correlated to the LLSVPs and the Perm Anomaly.Our tomography-based convection simulations also demonstrate that intraplate volcanism in the south-east Pacific may be interpreted in terms of shallow small-scale convection triggered by a superplume beneath the East Pacific Rise.  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000401     

Emilio Saccani 《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(4)

In this paper, a new discrimination diagram using absolute measures of Th and Nb is applied to post-Archean ophiolites to best discriminate a large number of different ophiolitic basalts. This diagram ...  相似文献   

大别山早白垩世变质核杂岩的结构与演化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

冀文斌  林伟  石永红  王清晨  褚杨 《地质科学》2011,46(1):161-180

大别山中部混合岩-片麻岩穹隆的构造属性认识方面一直众说纷纭.通过对中大别杂岩及其边界剪切带或断裂带的构造解析,并结合对前人相关研究的总结,我们将中大别杂岩厘定为早白垩世的变质核杂岩,其中商麻断裂与晓天-磨子潭断裂和水吼-五河剪切带构成了一个完整的拆离断层带,并将变质核杂岩的形成时间限定在145～120 Ma.中大别杂岩...  相似文献   

砂卵石地层中防渗墙槽壁稳定性影响因素研究     

刘奉银  钟丽佳  张瑞 《冰川冻土》2011,33(4):867-872

地下连续墙或防渗墙施工中槽孔的开挖是极其重要的分项工程,泥浆护壁条件下槽壁的稳定性影响因素很多．应用ABAQUS有限元软件,考虑泥浆的渗透,模拟计算不同密度的泥浆以及泥浆分层后槽壁的位移,对槽壁的稳定性进行分析．经对槽壁位移值的分析得到泥浆密度增大槽壁的位移随之减小以及减小的幅度,随着泥浆的沉淀,槽壁位移增大．研究可为...  相似文献   

地层温度对科学超深井井壁稳定的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张培丰 《探矿工程》2011,38(10):1-5

井壁稳定问题包括井壁坍塌和地层破裂2种基本类型,科学超深井钻探的目的层是处于高地应力、高地温和高地层压力的深部岩层,井壁稳定问题更加突出。以12000 m科学超深井为例,从地层温度入手,分析钻井液循环温度变化所引起的当量静态钻井液密度和环空压力当量密度的变化,以及温梯应力、温差应力对井壁稳定的影响。  相似文献   

破碎地层孔壁稳定技术的探讨与实践          下载免费PDF全文

胡继良  陶士先  纪卫军 《探矿工程》2011,38(9):30-32,64

在破碎地层钻探施工中,提高破碎带地层破碎岩块之间的胶结力、快速封堵地层裂缝形成完整孔壁及适当的冲洗液密度是破碎地层孔壁稳定的关键。防塌型随钻堵漏剂、改性沥青的加入能有效封堵地层裂缝,提高孔壁承压能力。LBM冲洗液体系和接枝淀粉冲洗液体系具有良好的造壁性能和流变性能,在破碎地层施工中取得良好的使用效果。  相似文献   

青海木里冻土区水合物稳定带的特征研究——模拟与钻探结果对比   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

金春爽  乔德武  卢振权  祝有海  张永勤  文怀军  李永红  王平康  黄霞 《地球物理学报》2011,54(1):173-181

基于青海木里冻土区的气体组成、钻孔泥浆的温度测量数据等对该区水合物稳定带的顶底深度进行了模拟计算,并将计算结果与钻探揭示的水合物产出深度进行了对比.模拟计算的水合物顶深在148.8～122.7 m 间,底深在324.6～354.8 m间,水合物厚度在175.8～232.2 m间,钻探揭示水合物及其异常产出在133～39...  相似文献   

桂平市气象参数对大气环境评价的影响     

杨玉静 《气象研究与应用》2011,32(4):54-56,76

通过收集可代表桂平市气象条件2010年的气象资料,对该气象站的不同观测频率气象参数的统计结果进行了对比分析,得出风向频率玫瑰图、污染系数图、大气稳定度,并论述了其对大气环境评价的影响,得出桂平市的大气输送通道。  相似文献   

A channel head stability criterion for first‐order catchments     

Péter B. Sólyom 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(4):533-546

The present analysis derives a stability criterion for long‐term equilibrium channel heads. The concept of finite perturbation analysis is presented, during which the surface is subjected to perturbations of a finite amplitude and resulting changes in flow path structure and slope are computed. Based on these quantities the analysis predicts whether the perturbed location is going to erode, be filled in or remain steady. The channel head is defined geometrically as the focus point of converging flow lines at the bottom of hollows. It is demonstrated that stability at the channel head grows out of the competition between the rate of flow path convergence and the degree of profile concavity. Analytical functions are derived to compute channel head‐contributing area and ‐slope, flow path convergence and profile concavity as a function of perturbation depth, distance from the crest and the initial slope. In a numerical model these quantities point to the long‐term equilibrium channel head position, which is shown to depend also on the width to length ratio of hollows. It is also demonstrated that the equilibrium channel head position is sensitive to the base‐level lowering/non‐dimensional slope length ratio and to the slope of the initial topography. Morphometrical measurements both in the field and on simulated topographies were used to test the theoretical predictions.  相似文献